測試與分析服務

    Testing and Consulting Services
    針對不同的OSI層級搭配相對應儀器才能完整進行產品驗證
    SI

    信號完整性

    TX (Transmit-數位示波器)
    RX(Receiver-誤碼率分析儀)

    Protocol / Link Layer

    通訊協定及鏈路層

    通訊協定分析儀、封包產生器

    Link / Protocol Issue Example

    7. Application Layer

    Human-computer interaction layer, where applications can access the network services.

    應用層測試, 如M.2 NVMe SSD

    鏈路及通訊協定測試

    裝置與資料傳遞協定測試

    6. Presentation Layer

    Ensures that data is in a usable format and is where data encryption occurs

    5. Session Layer

    Maintains connections and is responsible for controlling ports and sessions

    4. Transaction Layer

    Transmits data using transmission protocols including TCP and UDP

    3. Network Layer

    Decides which physical path the data will take

    2. Data Link Layer

    Defines the format of data on the network

    1. Physical Layer

    Transmits raw bit stream over the physical medium

    • Logical Sub-Block
    • Electrical Sub-Block
    • 電氣訊號 TX/RX
    • 眼​圖(Eye Diagram)測試

    Physical Layer – Transmitter(TX) Test

    裝置端的高頻訊號品質會因為傳輸路徑的長度和連接器的影響而失真，所以制定規範的各協會針對不同的規格有測試上的差異。可以藉由訊號分析及測試包含眼圖 eye diagram、抖動量(Jitter)來判斷及調整。

    Cable 端則著重在於阻抗控制(Impedance control)、串音干擾(Crosstalk)、訊號偏斜(Skew)與S參數(S-parameter)的調整。

    PCIe 4.0 at 16 GT/s:
    。Physical loss channel
    。Emulated package model

    PCIe 5.0 at 32 GT/s:
    。Emulated package model
    。Emulated loss channel

    Physical Layer – Receiver (RX) Test

    產品本身承受訊號的抖動及追蹤能力以及對於不良訊號的均衡調整影響了相容性的匹配

    •Apply the Pre-emphasis, Amplitude, Random Jitter as calibrated. SSC is On.

    •Sweep through the specified the SJ values

    •Automated Jitter Tolerance may be performed for Margin Testing

    •SJ will increase based on user definition and RX Equipment can re-initialize DUT for every point

    Validates that Rx can track LF jitter from refclkand Tx

    Protocol / Link Layer Test

    鏈路的連結溝通能力與資料傳輸的行為包含封包內容是否正確影響了產品的傳輸品質

    •Link Layer Tests

    •Transaction Layer Tests

    •Logical PHY layer tests (Equalization Protocol)

    •Logical PHY layer tests (Reserved Bits in TS)

    •Lane Margining Test –Functional test

    •Precoding Test

    Link / Protocol Issue Example

    鏈路的連結溝通能力與資料傳輸的行為包含封包內容是否正確影響了產品的傳輸品質

    Example 1 : PCIe Link Speed未以最高速執行

    Example 2 : PCIe Link Width未以正確通道數完成Training

    Example 3 : USB裝置於Windows無法辨識，檢查裝置描述元是否完整